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Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1, β2, and β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility, as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes, which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of the biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-β1 is the most abundant isoform secreted by almost every cell type. It was originally identified for its ability to induce phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts, and recently it has been implicated in the formation of skin tumors. Recombinant Human TGF-β1 is a 25.0 kDa protein composed of two identical 112 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond.

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Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Nesfatin-1 is a metabolic polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the precursor protein, Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). Originally identified as a hypothalamic neuropeptide, nesfatin-1 is also expressed in other areas of the brain, in pancreatic islets β-cells, gastric endocrine cells, and adipocytes. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and can regulate energy metabolism in a Leptin independent manner. Recombinant Human Nesfatin-1 is a 9.7 kDa protein containing 82 amino acid residues.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Persephin is a disulfide-linked, homodimeric, neurotrophic factor structurally related to GDNF, artemin, and neurturin. These proteins belong to the cysteine knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. Persephin signals through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of RET and one of four GFR α (α1-α4) receptors. The GFRα4 was first identified in chicken, and was later shown to be the preferential binding subunit for persephin. Persephin promotes the survival of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons after sciatic nerve oxotomy, and, like GDNF, promotes ureteric bud branching. However, in contrast to GDNF and neurturin, persephin does not support the survival of peripheral neurons. Recombinant Human Persephin is a disulfide-linked homodimer, composed of two 10.4 kDa polypeptide chains (194 total amino acid residues). Each chain contains seven conserved cysteine residues, one of which (Cys 64) is used for inter-chain disulfide bridging, and the others are involved in the intramolecular ring formation known as the cysteine knot configuration.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: The IGFs are mitogenic, polypeptide growth factors that stimulate the proliferation and survival of various cell types, including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue in vitro . IGFs are predominantly produced by the liver, although a variety of tissues produce the IGFs at distinctive times. The IGFs belong to the Insulin gene family, which also contains insulin and relaxin. The IGFs are similar to insulin by structure and function, but have a much higher growth-promoting activity than insulin. IGF-II expression is influenced by placenta lactogen, while IGF-I expression is regulated by growth hormone. Both IGF-I and IGF-II signal through the tyrosine kinase type I receptor (IGF-IR), but IGF-II can also signal through the IGF-II/Mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor proteins, which contain N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions. Recombinant Human IGF-I and IGF-II are globular proteins containing 70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, and 3 intra-molecular disulfide bonds. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Human IGF-II is 7.5 kDa.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human CTGF . Anti­Human CTGF ­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing an immobilized Human CTGF matrix.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: FGF-basic is one of 23 known members of the FGF family. Proteins of this family play a central role during prenatal development, postnatal growth and regeneration of a variety of tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. FGF-basic is a non-glycosylated, heparin-binding growth factor that is expressed in the brain, pituitary, kidney, retina, bone, testis, adrenal gland, liver, monocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. FGF-basic signals through FGFR 1b, 1c, 2c, 3c and 4. Recombinant Human FGF-basic is a 16.4 kDa protein consisting of 146 amino acid residues.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Follistatin is a secreted protein that binds to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulates their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. It was originally discovered as an activin antagonist whose activity suppresses expression and secretion of the pituitary hormone FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). In addition to being a natural antagonist, follistatin can inhibit the activity of other TGF-β ligands including BMP-2,-4,-6,-7, Myostatin, GDF-11, and TGF-β1. Follistatin is expressed in the pituitary, ovaries, decidual cells of the endometrium, and in some other tissues. Recombinant Human Follistatin is a 31.5 kDa protein containing 288 amino acids. Its primary structure contains three cysteine-rich domains (called FS domains), each followed by a protease-inhibitory kazal domain.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: GDNF is a disulfide-linked, homodimeric neurotrophic factor structurally related to Artemin, Neurturin and Persephin. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot superfamily of growth factors that assume stable dimeric protein structures. GDNF signals through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of a RET and one of the four GFRα (α1-α4) receptors. GDNF specifically promotes dopamine uptake and survival, and morphological differentiation of midbrain neurons. Using a Parkinson’s disease mouse model, GDNF has been shown to improve conditions such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The functional murine GDNF ligand is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two 15.1 kDa polypeptide chains called monomers. Each monomer contains seven conserved cysteine residues, including Cys-101, which is used for inter-chain disulfide bridging, and others that are involved in the intramolecular ring formation known as the cysteine knot configuration. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Murine GDNF is 30.2 kDa.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Rat GRO-β/MIP-2 (CXCL2). Anti­Rat GRO-β/MIP-2 (CXCL2)­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing an immobilized Rat GRO-β/MIP-2 matrix.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human VEGF. Anti­Human VEGF­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and then biotinylated.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human Leptin. Anti­Human Leptin­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and then biotinylated.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Murine MCP-2 (CCL8). Anti­Murine MCP-2 (CCL8)­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing an immobilized Murine MCP-2 matrix.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: IL-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL-4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL-4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL-4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergy. Recombinant Rat IL-4 is a 14.0 kDa globular protein containing 126 amino acid residues.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Murine Exodus-2 (CCL21). Anti­Murine Exodus-2 (CCL21)­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and then biotinylated.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Neurturin is a disulfide-linked homodimer neurotrophic factor structurally related to GDNF, artemin, and persephin. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. Neurturin signals through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of RET and one of four GFRα (α1-α4) receptors. Neurturin promotes the development and survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons by signaling through a receptor system composed of RET and GFRα2. The functional form of human neurturin is a disulfide-linked homodimer, of two 11.8 kDa polypeptide monomers (204 total amino acid residues). Each monomer contains seven conserved cysteine residues, one of which (Cys 69) is used for inter-chain disulfide bridging, and the others are involved in the intramolecular ring formation known as the cysteine knot configuration.

Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Murine MIP-1β (CCL4). Anti­Murine MIP-1β (CCL4)­specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing an immobilized Murine MIP-1β matrix.