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Catalog Number: (102512-834)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Immunoglobulin expressed by the mouse plasmacytoma TEPC 183 is an IgMkappa isotype of unknown binding specificity. It is used as a negative control when working with human cells.

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Catalog Number: (102979-194)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Unmethylated CG dinucleotides within particular sequence contexts are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) that contain such CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) mimic microbial DNA. The innate immune system of vertebrates has the ability to recognize CpG motifs in microbial DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 if the CpG ODN were free of additional immune stimulatory contaminants often present in synthetic commercial CpG ODN preparations designed for molecular biology applications (i.e. PCR). Given that high quality CpG ODNs were used, a close link has been established between the expression of TLR9 on certain immune cell subsets and the modulation of the immune system by CpG DNA. Different types of CpG ODNs were identified based on their differing biological effects on different cell types: ODN Type A is a potent inducer of IFN-alpha in human PDC, (i.e. ODN 1585 or 2216) leading to antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation, whereas ODN Type B (i.e. ODN 2006 or ODN 1668 / ODN 1826) is a weak inducer of IFN-alpha but rather stimulates IL-8 production and increasing costimulatory and Ag-presenting molecules and triggers proliferation of B-cells and IgM and IL-6 production. A third type of CpG ODN has been identified, termed ODN Type C, with both high induction of INF-alpha in PDC and activation of B-cells. The sequence of CpG Type C (also called K) (i.e. ODN 2395 or M362) combines elements of both Type A and Type B and contains a central palindromic sequence with CG dinucleotides, a characteristic feature of Type A, and a TCGTCG motif at the 5' end, present in Type B CpG ODNs. Although the CpG motifs are thought to differ between mice and humans, in both species the recognition of CpG ODNs is mediated by TLR9. The optimal CpG motif in humans is GTCGTT and GACGTT for the murine sequence. However, recent evidence suggests that this sequence specificity is restricted to phosphorothioate (PS)-modified ODN and is not observed when a natural phosphodiester backbone is used. In recent years sequence requirements, specificity, signalling pathways and kinetics of the TLR9 suppression by inhibitory ODNs (iODNs) have been investigated.

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Catalog Number: (102513-014)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD44 molecules appear to serve as lymphocyte adhesion molecules with numerous functions in extracellular matrix binding, cell migration, hemopoisis and lymphocyte homing.

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Catalog Number: (102512-332)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD43 is a heavily O-glycosylated and sialylated transmembrane protein that is mainly found on T cells, but not on B cells.

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Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Echinomycin is a powerful, selective inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis in vitro.

Catalog Number: (102514-312)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: TRAIL-R3 is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. It lacks a cytoplasmic death domain and hence is not capable of inducing apoptosis. Protects cells against TRAIL mediated apoptosis by competing with TRAIL-R1 and R2 for binding to the ligand.

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Catalog Number: (102514-406)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: RELM-alpha is a member to the family of adipocyte-secreted proteins called adipocytokines. It is abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue but not in preadipocytes, nor 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RELM-alpha is involved in the regulation of colonic inflammation and might be a link between colonic injury, glucose tolerance, and energy intake.

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Catalog Number: (102513-202)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD252 (CD134L; OX40 ligand) is a type II membrane protein with homology to TNF which is expressed on activated B cells and activated endothelial cells. CD252 binds to CD134 (OX40) present on activated T cells, providing a costimulatory signal. Blockade of this interaction in mouse abrogated immunological effects in several models of inflammation and rejection.

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Catalog Number: (102514-622)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: TDO incorporates oxygen into the indole moiety of tryptophan. Has a broad specificity towards tryptamine and derivatives including D- and L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin.

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Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Steroidal antibiotic

Catalog Number: (102512-270)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD35 binds complement components C3b, C4b and iC3b and is expressed on erythrocytes, B cells, monocytes, granulocytes and folicular dendritic cells and on subsets of thymocytes. CD35 on erythrocytes mediates clearance of immune complexes.

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Catalog Number: (102513-150)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD165 is a cell surface molecule present on a subset of peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes and is important for adhesion of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells.

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Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Fumitremorgin-type alkaloid. Tremorgenic neurotoxic mycotoxin. Selective blocker of KCa1.1 (high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+; BK; maxi-K) channels. Decreases GABA levels in CNS. Increases spontaneous glutamate and aspartate release. At toxic doses, increases the number and decreases the affinity of DHP receptors in rat cortex. Cell cycle inhibitor at the M phase. Inhibits calmodulin and PKC activity. Has apoptotic effects on human T lymphocytes. Stimulates the growth of seedling roots of buckwheat.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: RELM-beta is a 19kDa disulfide-linked homodimeric protein expressed in the epithelium of the colon and small bowel. RELM-beta has been suggested to play a regulatory role during inflammation and may also act to establish links among adipose tissue, the intestine and the liver. Interestingly, the molecular structure of RELM-beta is highly homologous to that of the adipose-derived cytokine resistin.

Catalog Number: (102511-880)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: The human CD1 genetic locus consists of five closely related genes. Three of the gene products (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) have been officially clustered using antibodies and are expressed on cortical thymocytes, a subset of B cells, and on most professional antigen presenting cells. CD1a+/CD11c+ dendritic cells are direct precursors of Langerhans cells in peripheral blood. CD1 molecules have a specialized lipid antigen-presenting function.

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Catalog Number: (102512-710)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: The inducible costimulator CD278 (ICOS) is similar to human CD28 (24% homology) and plays an analogous role in the T cell activation process. Secondary signaling through CD28 or CD278 results in discrete cytokine secretion profiles by the activated T cells. CD275 (ICOSL; GL50; B7-H2) has been shown to be the ligand for CD278 (ICOS).

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