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Catalog Number: (10782-480)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore the regulation of the TH enzyme represents the central means for controlling the synthesis of these important catecholamines. FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. COFACTOR: Fe(2+) ion. ENZYME REGULATION: Phosphorylation leads to an increase in the catalytic activity. PATHWAY: Catecholamine biosynthesis; first step. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. PTM: In vitro, phosphorylation of Ser-19 increases the rate of Ser-40 phosphorylation, which results in enzyme opening and activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The presence of different DNA sequences at the TH locus confers susceptibility to various disorders of the brain including manic-depression and schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease is also considered a TH deficiency as low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality.

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Catalog Number: (76334-036)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Calretinin antibody, Host: Rabbit, Reactivity: human, Immunogen: Full-length recombinant human protein, Synonyms: CR; 29 kDa calbindin, Purity: Whole serum, Form: Lyophilised, without preservatives, Applications: W

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Supplier: Biosensis

Description: The Biosensis proNGF RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of full-length proNGF protein in less than 4 hours in human serum, heparin-plasma, cell supernatants and lysates only if used as directed. Please refer to the kit protocol for specific use instructions for each substrate application.

Catalog Number: (10782-672)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: LRRK2 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family. It role is yet unknown but it may play a role in the phoshorylation of proteins central to parkinson diseases. LRRK2 contains an ankryin repeat region, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, a kinase domain, a DFG-like motif, a RAS domain, a GTPase domain, a MLK-like domain and a WD40 domain. LRRK2 is present in the cytoplasm but also associates with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Defects in LRRK2 are the cause of Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8). Parkinson disease is characterised by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. PARK8 is an autosomal-dominant late-onset parkinsonism, characterized by onset from 50 to 65 years, with slow progression and relatively benign course.

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Supplier: Biosensis

Description: The Biosensis NGFR/p75ECD RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of mouse p75ECD in less than 4 hours n cell culture supernatants and urine only if used as directed. Please refer to the kit protocol for specific use instructions for each substrate application.

Catalog Number: (10782-620)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: GDNF is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer molecule. It was first discovered as a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and was then shown to rescue these neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease. GDNF is about 100 times more efficient survival factor for spinal motor neurons than the neurotrophins. FUNCTION: Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake. SUBUNIT: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF may be a cause of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In association with mutations of RET gene, defects in GDNF may be involved in Hirschsprung disease. This genetic disorder of neural crest development is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the hindgut, often resulting in intestinal obstruction. DISEASE: Defects in GDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily.

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Catalog Number: (10782-116)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: High-mobility group proteins were named originally since they are abundand relatively low molecular weight proteins which run quickly on SDS-PAGE gels. High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1, Amphoterin) is one of these. The "bx" in the name refers to the so-called high mobility group (HMG) box, a compact domain involved in DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. the HMGB1 molecule has two of these HMG domains. The protein is alslo called amphoterin, this name being derived from the presence of two highly charged regions in the molecule, a relatively neutrally charged N-terminus and a very negatively charged C-terminus. In fact the molecule is very unusually charged throughout, the human sequence consisting of 16.7% Glutamic acid, 9.3% Aspartic acid, 20% lysine and 9.3% Arginine. HMGB1 can bind Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE). TLRs are components of the innate immune system, first recognized as a family of receptors which recognize "Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (PAMPs). PAMPs are common components of bacteria and when TLRs bind these a strong inflammatory response is activated. More recently it has been recognized that TLRs can also be activated by Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs), which are endogenous substances released from damaged and diseased cells which also bind to TLR family receptors and also activate inflammation. HMGB1 is such a DAMP, binding to TLR4, and much evidence suggests that HMGB1 is a strong activator of inflammation. Interestingly, HMGB1 is released by necrotic cells but not by apoptotic cells (1).

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Catalog Number: (10782-880)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. Leptin also has several endocrine functions and is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing (Ref: Entrez Gene).

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Catalog Number: (10782-592)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: NT3 is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. NT3 is closely related to both NGF and BDNF. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NT3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display sevvere movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

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Catalog Number: (10782-476)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: ATG10 plays a role in autophagy. It is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12-ATG5 conjugations and modificatioon of a soluble form of MAPLC3 1A, a homolog of yeast ATG8, to a membrane bound form.  It is also able to directly interact either with ATG5 or ATG7.

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Catalog Number: (10782-638)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: NULL

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Catalog Number: (76334-004)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Heat Shock Protein 27 Monoclonal antibody, Clone: 6H11, Host: mouse, Reactivity: Human, Isotype: IgG1, Specificity: reacts with a 27 kDa band on a crude extract from HeLa cells, Applications: WB, ICC, Flow, Form:

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Catalog Number: (10782-628)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: CNTF is a survival promoting factor for different types of neurons in vitro and in vivo. The essential structural features for the biological function of human CNTF were investigated by Thier, M. et al. They showed that deletion of 14 N-terminal and 18 C-terminal amino acids significantly increased bioactivity compared to wild-type CNTF. FUNCTION: CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Nervous system. PHARMACEUTICAL: CNTF is being tested under the name Axokine by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals for treatment of human motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it induces substantial weight loss, preferentially of fat as opposed to lean body mass, it is being used for obesity treatment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CNTF family.

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Catalog Number: (10781-986)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: FUNCTION: Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. It stimulates division and differentiation of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. SUBUNIT: Homodimer, associated by noncovalent forces. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

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Catalog Number: (10782-698)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase 3 activation. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1. Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons. Also found in the nucleus. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist.

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Catalog Number: (76264-602)

Supplier: Biosensis

Description: Recommended Applications: IF, IP, WB

Species reactivity: Species independent

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