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Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The CD28.2 antibody reacts with human CD28, a 44 kDa type I surface glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The HI30 antibody reacts with human CD45, one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers and one that is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase existing in several isoforms, each being generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With its broad cell distribution, CD45 is critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA, CD45RB, CD45RO and others.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The A20 antibody reacts with mouse CD45.1, also known as Ly5.1, which is a strain-specific allelic form of the CD45 Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA). Functionally, CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase whose broad cell distribution supports a critical role in many leukocyte functions, including regulation of signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell and B cell receptors.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The 37.51 antibody reacts with mouse CD28, a 45 kDa glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of co-stimulatory receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The DTA-1 antibody reacts with mouse CD357, also known as GITR or AITR (in humans), a 66-70 kDa member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor superfamily (TNFRSF18). GITR is primarily found on T cells, and its function may vary depending on the T cell type where it is expressed. GITR is upregulated on activated T cells where it provides co-stimulation, yet GITR may promote the inhibition of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, where it is expressed at high levels. GITR ligand (GITRL) is found on B cells, macrophages, dendritic and endothelial cells, and is implicated in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Catalog Number: (10050-604)

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The HRPN immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The HRPN immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG1 antibodies.

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Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The M1/70 antibody reacts with human and mouse CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The TER-119 antibody is named for the antigen to which it binds, a 52 kDa surface protein that is associated with glycophorin-A. TER-119 is considered to be a lineage marker for later stages of erythroid cell development, as its expression begins at the pro-erythroblast stage. TER-119 antigen is not expressed at either BFU-E or CFU-E stages, i.e. prior to the pro-erythroblast stage.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The OKT4 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The 2.43 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation induced by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck and facilitate intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death in tumor cells, as well as in cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The XMG1.2 antibody is specific for mouse Interferon-gamma (IFN-g), a 20 kDa type II cytokine known for its central roles in protection against bacterial or viral pathogens and for its anti-tumor properties. IFN-g is secreted by several types of immune cells, which allow the cytokine to modulate innate immunity, when secreted by NK and NKT cells, and to function in supporting adaptive immunity when secreted by Th1 and CD8+ T cells (CTLs).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The GARP5 antibody reacts with human GARP, also known as LRRC32 or Garpin, an 80 kDa transmembrane protein which acts as a receptor for the latent form of TGF-beta 1 (pro-TGF-beta), preventing its secretion. Specifically, GARP is reported to associate with the pro-domain of TGF-beta 1, known as latency-associated peptide (LAP), which must be cleaved to release the biologically active cytokine. The putative role of GARP in sequestering the TGF-beta is important for regulating its activity, as TGF-beta signaling is involved in development and function of Th17, Treg and many other immune cell types. GARP expression has been shown on platelets and at high levels on Foxp3+ Treg cells, where it is proposed to be a phenotypic identifier for activated human Treg cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The M1/70 antibody reacts with human and mouse CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The MP4-25D2 antibody is specific for human IL-4, a pleiotropic cytokine that Th2 cell differentiation, B cell proliferation and differentiation, and B cell class switching to IgE. MP4-25D2 is a neutralizing antibody and is reported to cross react with rhesus monkey IL-4.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: The M5/114.15.2 antibody reacts with mouse MHC Class II alloantigens I-Ab, I-Ad, I-Aq, I-Ed, and I-Ek, as well as being cross-reactive with mouse cells of H-2p and H-2r haplotype. MHC Class II is widely expressed by mouse immune cells bearing these alloantigens, including T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The antibody does not react with the following alloantigens: I-Af, I-Ak, I-As, or NOD H-2g7. The M5/114.15.2 antibody may be used for analysis of mouse cells expressing MHC Class II alloantigens as described. Please note that the M5/114.15.2 clone may also be referred to as M5/114 in the literature.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

Description: Anti-FASLG Mouse Antibody (Biotin) [clone: NOK-1]