You Searched For: viral+rna

Supplier: Shenandoah Biotechnology

Description: Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), also called CCL5, is a chemokine produced by T cells three to five days after T cell activation. RANTES signals through G protein-coupled receptors CCR5, CCR3, CCR1, and through the human CMV-encoded viral receptor US28. RANTES functions to recruit immune cells to inflammatory sites.

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Catalog Number: (10319-344)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. The interaction with MFSD2A is apparently important for this process. Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution but this one can still make pseudotypes with MLV, HIV-1 or SIV-1 virions and confer infectivity. Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. The surface protein mediates receptor recognition, while the transmembrane protein anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediates fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane.

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Catalog Number: (75931-774)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: Influenza A virus is a major public health threat, killing more than 30, 000 people per year in the USA. In early 2009, a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified in specimens obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States. The virus spread quickly around the world and on June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Influenza A virus has one of sixteen possible Hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins and one of nine possible Neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. The Hemagglutinin protein facilitates viral attachment while Neuraminidase is involved in viral release. These proteins also elicit immune responses that prevent infection or independently reduce viral replication. The genetic make-up of this swine flu virus is unlike any other: it is an H1N1 strain that combines a triple assortment first identified in 1998 including human, swine, and avian influenza with two new pig H3N2 virus genes from Eurasia, themselves of recent human origin. The distinct antigenic properties of the new swine virus compared with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus suggest that human immunity against new swine influenza virus is limited, although the age distribution of reported cases suggests some degree of protection in older age groups.

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Catalog Number: (10800-076)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: The Apoliprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like (APOBEC) 3 is a multi-isoform member of the cytidine deaminase family of enzymes that act on monomeric nucleoside and nucleotide substrates. Similar to TRIM5a which targets incoming retroviral capsids, APOBEC3 plays a major role in cellular defense against retroviral infection as at least two isoforms, APOBEC3G and to a lesser extent APOBEC3F, can be incorporated HIV-1 virions and induce hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA and thus destabilize the viral genome. This innate mechanism of retroviral resistance is counteracted by the HIV-1 Vif protein by inducing the ubiquitization and degradation of APOBEC3G; a single amino acid substitution (D128K) blocks APOBEC3G depletion without affecting its inhibitory activity.

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Supplier: GE Healthcare - HyClone

Description: Defined foetal bovine serum (FBS) is the highest quality of FBS available and is very widely used by those cell culturist who have a concern for viral contaminants and require an extensive biochemical profile. Defined FBS is filtered through multiple 40 nm (0.04 µm) pore-size related filters, which are the most retentive filters used in commercial FBS production. Over 50 components are analysed and the results are included on the biochemical assay.

SDS Certificates

Catalog Number: (10749-656)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: IRF3 Antibody: Interferons (IFN)s are involved in a multitude of immune interactions during viral infections and play a major role in both the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive antiviral mechanisms. During infection, host-virus interactions signal downstream molecules such as transcription factors such as IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) which can act to stimulate transcription of IFN-alpha/beta genes. IRF3 is present in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of most cells. Following viral infection, IRF3 can be activated by Ikappa B kinase-epsilon and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), whereupon IRF3 translocates to the nucleus. IRF3 can also be activated by stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) by dsRNA. IRF3 exists as at least two distinct isoforms.

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Catalog Number: (89415-738)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: IRF3 Antibody: Interferons (IFN)s are involved in a multitude of immune interactions during viral infections and play a major role in both the induction and regulation of innate and adaptive antiviral mechanisms. During infection, host-virus interactions signal downstream molecules such as transcription factors such as IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) which can act to stimulate transcription of IFN-alpha/beta genes. IRF3 is present in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of most cells. Following viral infection, IRF3 can be activated by I kappa B kinase- epsilon and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), whereupon IRF3 translocates to the nucleus. IRF3 can also be activated by stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) by dsRNA. IRF3 exists as at least two distinct isoforms.

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Supplier: PeproTech, Inc.

Description: Proteins of this family play an important role in inducing non-specific resistance against a broad range of viral infections. They also affect cell proliferation and modulate immune responses. Produced by peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoblastoid cells, IFN-α is an acid-stable molecule that signals through IFN-α/βR, which is also used by IFN-β. Both IFNs have similar anti-viral activity and regulate expression of MHC class I antigens. IFN-α contains four highly conserved cysteine residues that form two disulfide bonds, one of which is necessary for biological activity. PeproTech’s Recombinant Human IFN-β is a 20.0 kDa protein containing 166 amino acid residues. Due to glycosylation, IFN-β has an approximate molecular weight of 22.3 kDa based on SDS-PAGE gel and Mass Spectrometry.

Catalog Number: (10752-246)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Hax1a Monoclonal Antibody: The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (Hax1) was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay on the basis of its ability to bind to the hemapoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS-1). Hax1 possesses anti-apoptotic activity and is structurally related to Bcl-2 family members, including the presence of BH1- and BH2-like domains. It has recently been shown to interact with HIV viral protein R (Vpr), a protein required for viral pathogenesis of HIV and linked to T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspases 3 and 9. Other studies indicate that Hax1-mediated processing of HtrA2 (also known as Omi) by the mitochondrial protease PARL allows survival of lymphocytes and neurons when cytokines are limiting. At least four isoforms of Hax1 are known to exist. This antibody is expected to recognize the longest isoform (Hax1a) as well as the shortest.

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Catalog Number: (10752-250)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Hax1a Monoclonal Antibody: The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (Hax1) was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay on the basis of its ability to bind to the hemapoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS-1). Hax1 possesses anti-apoptotic activity and is structurally related to Bcl-2 family members, including the presence of BH1- and BH2-like domains. It has recently been shown to interact with HIV viral protein R (Vpr), a protein required for viral pathogenesis of HIV and linked to T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspases 3 and 9. Other studies indicate that Hax1-mediated processing of HtrA2 (also known as Omi) by the mitochondrial protease PARL allows survival of lymphocytes and neurons when cytokines are limiting. At least four isoforms of Hax1 are known to exist. This antibody is expected to recognize the longest isoform (Hax1a) as well as the shortest.

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Catalog Number: (75794-268)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: CD200, also known as OX-2, is a 45 kDa transmembrane immunoregulatory protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD200 is widely but not ubiquitously expressed. Its receptor (CD200R) is restricted primarily to mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which suggests myeloid cell regulation as the major function of CD200. CD200 knockout mice are characterized by increased macrophage number and activation and are predisposed to autoimmune disorders. In T cells, CD200 functions as a costimulatory molecule independent of the CD28 pathway. Several viruses encode CD200 homologs which are expressed on infected cells during the lytic phase. Like CD200 itself, viral CD200 homologs also suppress myeloid cell activity, enabling increased viral propagation.

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Catalog Number: (76099-974)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. The interaction with MFSD2A is apparently important for this process. Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution but this one can still make pseudotypes with MLV, HIV-1 or SIV-1 virions and confer infectivity. Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. The surface protein mediates receptor recognition, while the transmembrane protein anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediates fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane.

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Catalog Number: (89281-766)

Supplier: Genetex

Description: Mouse Monoclonal antibody to SRC (v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian)) Clone: 184Q20 Purity: Immunogen affinity purified Species Reactivity: Human Mouse Rat Tested Applications: WB Pkg Size: 50 ug

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Catalog Number: (10349-236)

Supplier: Bioss

Description: E7 protein has both transforming and trans-activating activities. Disrupts the function of host retinoblastoma protein RB1/pRb, which is a key regulator of the cell cycle. Induces the disassembly of the E2F1 transcription factors from RB1, with subsequent transcriptional activation of E2F1-regulated S-phase genes. Inactivation of the ability of RB1 to arrest the cell cycle is critical for cellular transformation, uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation induced by viral infection. Stimulation of progression from G1 to S phase allows the virus to efficiently use the cellular DNA replicating machinery to achieve viral genome replication. Interferes with histone deacetylation mediated by HDAC1 and HDAC2, leading to activation of transcription (By similarity).

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Catalog Number: (89421-554)

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Hax1a Monoclonal Antibody: The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (Hax1) was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay on the basis of its ability to bind to the hemapoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS-1). Hax1 possesses anti-apoptotic activity and is structurally related to Bcl-2 family members, including the presence of BH1- and BH2-like domains. It has recently been shown to interact with HIV viral protein R (Vpr), a protein required for viral pathogenesis of HIV and linked to T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspases 3 and 9. Other studies indicate that Hax1-mediated processing of HtrA2 (also known as Omi) by the mitochondrial protease PARL allows survival of lymphocytes and neurons when cytokines are limiting. At least four isoforms of Hax1 are known to exist. This antibody is expected to recognize the longest isoform (Hax1a) as well as the shortest.

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Catalog Number: (75928-436)

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Description: The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (Hax1) was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid assay on the basis of its ability to bind to the hemapoietic cell-specific protein 1 (HS-1). Hax1 possesses anti-apoptotic activity and is structurally related to Bcl-2 family members, including the presence of BH1- and BH2-like domains. It has recently been shown to interact with HIV viral protein R (Vpr), a protein required for viral pathogenesis of HIV and linked to T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspases 3 and 9. Other studies indicate that Hax1-mediated processing of HtrA2 (also known as Omi) by the mitochondrial protease PARL allows survival of lymphocytes and neurons when cytokines are limiting.

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