You Searched For: Pendotech

Supplier: Prosci

Description: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a subfamily within the TGF-β superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Members of this superfamily are widely distributed throughout the body and are involved in diverse physiological processes during both pre- and postnatal life. Like BMP-7, BMP-4 is involved in the development and maintenance of bone and cartilage. Reduced expression of BMP-4 is associated with a number of bone diseases, including the heritable disorder Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is characterized by high affinity binding to various EGF receptors (EGFRs) and the production of mitogenic responses (Carpenter and Cohen). EGF promotes EGFR dimerization, resulting in activation of downstream pathways including PI3K, ERK1/2, JAK/STAT, β-catenin, and calcium signaling. EGF is secreted by the gut-associated salivary and Brunner’s glands, is found in a variety of body fluids, and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in rodent and neonatal human intestine (Wright <i>et al.</i>). Central nervous system stem cells also proliferate in response to the EGF stimulus (Reynolds and Weiss).

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Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Noggin binds to and antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family. Noggin supports maintenance of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells cultured in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)-conditioned medium (Chaturvedi <i>et al.</i>), and promotes dopaminergic differentiation of embryonic stem cells and subsequent survival of dopamine neurons (Chiba <i>et al.</i>). Noggin is essential for development of ectodermal structures including neural tube, tooth, hair follicle, and eye, as well as patterning of mesodermal somites and skeletal structures. It also influences chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and joint formation (Krause <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78019)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a pleiotropic growth factor that promotes proliferation, motility, survival, and differentiation. HGF binds and promotes the dimerization and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET, and stimulates PI3K/AKT, FAK, JNK, and ERK1/2 signaling (Organ and Tsao). HGF stimulates migration of cells during embryogenesis, induces cell motility and scattering of epithelial cells, and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It is a chemoattractant for motor neurons, and regulates the development of sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and cortical neurons as well as the proliferation of oligodendrocytes and glial development. Additionally, HGF is cytoprotective and regulates liver growth and regeneration (Nakamura <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78054)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a member of the type I cytokine family that is critical for T and B cell development and survival. It is produced by non-hematopoietic cells in the thymus, lymphoid organs, and by bone marrow stromal cells (Lundström <i>et al.</i>). IL-7 binds to a receptor composed of common gamma chain and IL-7Ra (CD127) and signals through the JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. IL-7 regulates the survival of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and T regulatory cells (Carrette and Surh), and provides signals to promote survival, proliferation, and differentiation during B cell development (Clark <i>et al.</i>; Corfe and Paige).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-780601006)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Noggin binds to and antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family. Noggin supports maintenance of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells in vitro, and can be used to prevent spontaneous differentiation in the short term (Chaturvedi <i>et al.</i>). Noggin is essential for development of structures derived from ectoderm embryonic somite, skeletal patterning, and neurogenesis in vivo. It also influences chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and joint formation (Krause <i>et al.</i>), and promotes dopaminergic differentiation of embryonic stem cells and subsequent survival of dopamine neurons (Chiba <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78136)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is characterized by high-affinity binding to various EGF receptors (EGFRs) and the production of mitogenic responses (Carpenter and Cohen). EGF promotes EGFR dimerization, resulting in activation of downstream pathways including PI3K, ERK1/2, JAK/STAT, β-catenin, and calcium signaling. EGF is secreted by the gut-associated salivary and Brunner’s glands, is found in a variety of body fluids, and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in rodent and neonatal human intestine (Wright <i>et al.</i>). Central nervous system stem cells also proliferate in response to the EGF stimulus (Reynolds and Weiss). This product is animal component-free.

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Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-2 is a disulfide-linked homodimer, acts as a ligand for complexes of type I and II BMP receptors, and primarily activates SMAD1/5/8 signaling (Nohe <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 is a potent differentiation factor and directs human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards various cell types including extra-embryonic endoderm, mesenchymal cells, and chondrocytes (Pera <i>et al.</i>). Although BMP-2 expression is low in healthy cartilage, its expression is upregulated at the site of cartilage damage (Blaney Davidson <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 induces bone and cartilage formation <i>in vitro</i> and is able to induce chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (Schmitt <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78067)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Add this high-quality human recombinant transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) to your cell culture workflow. Its verified endotoxin level of ≤0.2 EU/μg, measured using the LAL method, allows confidence for use across multiple applications. A member of the TGF-β superfamily, TGF-β1 regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-β1 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins.

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78135)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. BMP-2 is a disulfide-linked homodimer, acts as a ligand for complexes of type I and II BMP receptors, and primarily activates SMAD1/5/8 signaling (Nohe <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 is a potent differentiation factor and directs human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards various cell types including extra-embryonic endoderm, mesenchymal cells, and chondrocytes (Pera <i>et al.</i>). Although BMP-2 expression is low in healthy cartilage, its expression is upregulated at the site of cartilage damage (Blaney Davidson <i>et al.</i>). BMP-2 induces bone and cartilage formation in vitro and is able to induce chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (Schmitt <i>et al.</i>). This product is animal component-free.

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78196)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a member of the type I cytokine family that is critical for T and B cell development and survival. It is produced by non-hematopoietic cells in the thymus, lymphoid organs, and by bone marrow stromal cells (Lundström <i>et al.</i>). IL-7 binds to a receptor (IL-7R) composed of common gamma chain and IL-7Ra (CD127) and signals through the JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. IL-7 regulates the survival of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and regulatory T cells (Carrette and Surh). Although a deficiency in IL-7R still permits the generation of normal numbers of peripheral B cells in humans, stimulation of human B cell precursors with IL-7 could promote STAT5-dependent proliferation and survival in vitro (Clark <i>et al.</i>; Corfe and Paige). This product is animal component-free.

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Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Human Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is important for immune responses to helminth infection as well as in allergic responses (Olpihant <i>et al.</i>). The IL-4 receptor consists of a heterodimer of IL-4Ra and common gamma chain. IL-4 receptor engagement leads to the activation of JAK1/3 and the recruitment of STAT6 and IRS1/2 (Nelms <i>et al.</i>). IL-4 drives immunoglobulin class switching in B cells (to IgE, IgG4), mast cell hyperplasia, mucus production, and the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th2 cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 (Bao <i>et al.</i>; Nelms <i>et al.</i>; Olpihant <i>et al.</i>). In addition to Th2 cells, IL-4 is produced by CD4+ NK T cells, γ/δ T cells, activated basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. Human IL-4 does not cross-react with mouse cells (Park <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78028)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford <i>et al.</i>). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford <i>et al.</i>).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78027)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford <i>et al.</i>). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation, and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford <i>et al.</i>).

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Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a member of the Type I cytokine family that is critical for T and B cell development and survival. It is produced by non-hematopoietic cells in the thymus, lymphoid organs, and by bone marrow stromal cells (Lundström <i>et al.</i>). IL-7 binds to a receptor (IL-7R) composed of common gamma chain and IL-7Ra (CD127) and signals through the JAK/STAT and PI3K pathways. IL-7 regulates the survival of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK T cells, innate lymphoid cells, and T regulatory cells (Carrette and Surh). Although a deficiency in IL-7R still permits the generation of normal numbers of peripheral B cells in humans, stimulation of human B cell precursors with IL-7 could promote STAT-5-dependent proliferation and survival <i>in vitro</i> (Clark <i>et al.</i>; Corfe and Paige).

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Catalog Number: (MSPP-78069)

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Description: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> by stimulating anti-tumor immunosuppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová andamp; Hosek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation.

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